Display device having lens corresponding to pixel, and electronic apparatus

ABSTRACT

A display device according to the present disclosure includes a substrate, a lens layer including a lens, a pixel electrode disposed between the substrate and the lens layer, and a color filter disposed between the pixel electrode and the lens layer. The color filter includes a colored portion that overlaps a part of the pixel electrode in plan view and is disposed between the substrate and the lens layer. The pixel electrode is provided in a display region in which an image is displayed. The lens overlaps a part of the pixel electrode in the plan view. A distance between the center of the pixel electrode and the display center of the display region is shorter than a distance between the center of the lens and the display center in the plan view.

The present application is based on, and claims priority from JPApplication Serial Number 2019-088858, filed May 9, 2019, the disclosureof which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a display device and an electronicapparatus.

2. Related Art

Display devices such as organic EL display devices that use an organicelectroluminescence (EL) element have been known. JP-A-2015-153607discloses an organic EL device that includes an organic EL elementincluding a pixel electrode, and a color filter that transmits light ina predetermined wavelength range.

For a display device including a color filter as in JP-A-2015-153607,there is a desire to improve a visual field angle characteristic or toincrease a radiation angle.

SUMMARY

An aspect of a display device according to the present disclosureincludes a substrate, a lens layer including a lens, a pixel electrodedisposed between the substrate and the lens layer, and a color filterdisposed between the pixel electrode and the lens layer, where the colorfilter includes a colored portion that overlaps a part of the pixelelectrode in plan view between the substrate and the lens layer, thepixel electrode is provided in a display region in which an image isdisplayed, the lens overlaps a part of the pixel electrode in the planview, and a distance between the center of the pixel electrode and adisplay center of the display region is shorter than a distance betweenthe center of the lens and the display center in the plan view.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a display device according to a firstexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a sub-pixel according to thefirst exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a partial cross section of the displaydevice according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating a pixel electrode according to thefirst exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating a part of a color filter according tothe first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a part of a lens layer according tothe first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the pixel electrode,a lens, and a colored portion according to the first exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a light path according to the firstexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the light path according to the firstexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flow of a method for manufacturing a display deviceaccording to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a lens layer formation step accordingto the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the lens layer formation stepaccording to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the lens layer formation stepaccording to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the lens layer formation stepaccording to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a light-transmitting layer formationstep according to the first exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating a display deviceaccording to a second exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically illustrating the display deviceaccording to the second exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically illustrating a display deviceaccording to a third exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a displaydevice according to the third exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a diagram schematically illustrating a display deviceaccording to a fourth exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixelelectrode and the lens.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modified example of thecolored portion and the lens.

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modified example of thecolored portion and the lens.

FIG. 24 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the colorfilter.

FIG. 25 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixelelectrode, the lens, and the colored portion.

FIG. 26 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixelelectrode, the lens, and the colored portion.

FIG. 27 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixelelectrode, the lens, and the colored portion.

FIG. 28 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the pixelelectrode, the lens, and the colored portion.

FIG. 29 is a diagram schematically illustrating a part of an internalstructure of a virtual image display device.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described belowwith reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that, in the drawings,dimensions and scales of sections are differed from actual dimensionsand scales as appropriate, and some of the sections are schematicallyillustrated to make them easily recognizable. Further, the scope of thepresent disclosure is not limited to these embodiments unless otherwisestated to limit the present disclosure in the following descriptions.

1. First Exemplary Embodiment

1A. Display Device 100

FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a display device 100 according to afirst exemplary embodiment. Note that, for convenience of explanation,the description will be made appropriately using an x-axis, a y-axis,and a z-axis orthogonal to each other illustrated in FIG. 1. An elementsubstrate 1 of the display device 100 described later is parallel to anx-y plane. Further, the “plan view” refers to viewing from a −zdirection. A direction in which a transmissive substrate 9 describedlater and the element substrate 1 overlap each other is a directionparallel to the −z direction. A thickness direction of the elementsubstrate 1 described later is a direction parallel to the −z direction.Further, in the following description, “translucency” refers totransparency to visible light, and means that a transmittance of visiblelight may be equal to or greater than 50%.

The display device 100 is an organic electroluminescence (EL) displaydevice that displays a full color image. The image includes an imagethat displays only character information. The display device 100includes the element substrate 1 and the transmissive substrate 9 thatis located on the +z-axis side of the element substrate 1 and hastranslucency. The display device 100 has a so-called top-emittingstructure. The display device 100 emits light from the transmissivesubstrate 9. The transmissive substrate 9 is a cover that protects theelement substrate 1.

The element substrate 1 includes a display region A10 in which an imageis displayed, and a peripheral region A20 that surrounds the displayregion A10 in plan view. Note that a planar shape of the display regionA10 is a quadrangular shape, but the shape is not limited thereto, andmay be another polygonal shape. Further, a planar shape of the displayregion A10 may not be completely quadrangular, and may have roundedcorners or may be partially missing. Further, the element substrate 1includes a plurality of pixels P, a data line drive circuit 101, ascanning line drive circuit 102, a control circuit 103, and a pluralityof external terminals 104.

The display region A10 is constituted of the plurality of pixels P. Eachof the pixels P is the smallest unit in display of an image. The pixelsP are arranged in matrix along the +x direction and the +y direction.Each of the pixels P includes a sub-pixel PB from which light in a bluewavelength region is acquired, a sub-pixel PG from which light in agreen wavelength region is acquired, and a sub-pixel PR from which lightin a red wavelength region is acquired. A shape of the sub-pixels PB,PG, and PR in each plan view is substantially quadrangular. Thesub-pixels PB, the sub-pixels PG, and the sub-pixels PR are arranged inthe same color along the +x direction, and are arranged repeatedly inthe order of blue, green, and red along the +y direction. Note that,when the sub-pixel PB, the sub-pixel PG, and the sub-pixel PR are notdifferentiated, they are expressed as a sub-pixel P0. The sub-pixel P0is an element that constitutes the pixel P. The sub-pixel P0 is anexample of a unit circuit that is the smallest unit of an image to bedisplayed, and one pixel of a color image is expressed by the sub-pixelPB, the sub-pixel PG, and the sub-pixel PR. The sub-pixel P0 iscontrolled independently of the other sub-pixel P0.

The data line drive circuit 101, the scanning line drive circuit 102,the control circuit 103, and the plurality of external terminals 104 aredisposed in the peripheral region A20 of the element substrate 1. Thedata line drive circuit 101 and the scanning line drive circuit 102 areperipheral circuits that control driving of each portion constitutingthe plurality of sub-pixels P0. The control circuit 103 controls displayof an image. Image data and the like are supplied from a higher circuit(not illustrated) to the control circuit 103. The control circuit 103supplies various signals based on the image data to the data line drivecircuit 101 and the scanning line drive circuit 102. A flexible printedcircuit (FPC) substrate and the like for achieving electrical couplingto the higher circuit (not illustrated) are coupled to the externalterminals 104. Further, a power supply circuit (not illustrated) iselectrically coupled to the element substrate 1.

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the sub-pixel P0 according tothe first exemplary embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 2, a scanningline 13 and a data line 14 are provided on the element substrate 1. Thescanning line 13 extends along the +y direction. The data line 14extends along the +x direction. Note that there are a plurality of thescanning lines 13 and the data lines 14. The plurality of scanning lines13 and the plurality of data lines 14 are arranged in a lattice shape.The plurality of scanning lines 13 are coupled to the scanning linedrive circuit 102 illustrated in FIG. 1. The plurality of data lines 14are coupled to the data line drive circuit 101 illustrated in FIG. 1.The sub-pixel P0 is provided to correspond to each of intersectionsbetween the plurality of scanning lines 13 and the plurality of datalines 14. Herein, a pixel electrode 23 is provided in each of thesub-pixels P0. The pixel electrode 23 can be set to be independent ofand different from the other pixel electrode 23. More specifically, thepixel electrodes 23 may be set to flow different currents, or differentvoltages may be set to the pixel electrodes 23.

Each of the sub-pixel P0 includes an organic EL element 20 and a pixelcircuit 30 that controls driving of the organic EL element 20. Theorganic EL element 20 includes the pixel electrode 23, a commonelectrode 25, and a functional layer 24 disposed between the pixelelectrode 23 and the common electrode 25. The pixel electrode 23functions as an anode. The common electrode 25 functions as a cathode.In the organic EL element 20, positive holes supplied from the pixelelectrode 23 and electrons supplied from the common electrode 25 arerecombined in the functional layer 24, and thus the functional layer 24emits light. Note that a power supplying line 16 is electrically coupledto the common electrode 25. A power supply potential Vct on a lowpotential side is supplied from the power supply circuit (notillustrated) to the power supplying line 16.

The pixel circuit 30 includes a switching transistor 31, a drivingtransistor 32, and a retention capacitor 33. A gate of the switchingtransistor 31 is electrically coupled to the scanning line 13. Further,one of a source and a drain of the switching transistor 31 iselectrically coupled to the data line 14, and the other is electricallycoupled to a gate of the driving transistor 32. Further, one of a sourceand a drain of the driving transistor 32 is electrically coupled to apower supplying line 15, and the other is electrically coupled to thepixel electrode 23. Note that a power supply potential Ve1 on a highpotential side is supplied from the power supply circuit (notillustrated) to the power supplying line 15. Further, one of electrodesof the retention capacitor 33 is coupled to the gate of the drivingtransistor 32, and the other electrode is coupled to the power supplyingline 15.

When the scanning line 13 is selected by activating a scanning signal bythe scanning line drive circuit 102, the switching transistor 31provided in the selected sub-pixel P0 is turned on. Then, the datasignal is supplied from the data line 14 to the driving transistor 32corresponding to the selected scanning line 13. The driving transistor32 supplies a current corresponding to a potential of the supplied datasignal, that is, a current corresponding to a potential differencebetween the gate and the source, to the organic EL element 20. Then, theorganic EL element 20 emits light at luminance corresponding to amagnitude of the current supplied from the driving transistor 32.Further, when the scanning line drive circuit 102 releases the selectionof the scanning line 13 and the switching transistor 31 is turned off,the potential of the gate of the driving transistor 32 is held by theretention capacitor 33. Thus, the organic EL element 20 can emit lighteven after the switching transistor 31 is turned off.

Note that the configuration of the pixel circuit 30 described above isnot limited to the illustrated configuration. For example, the pixelcircuit 30 may further include a transistor that controls the conductionbetween the pixel electrode 23 and the driving transistor 32.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a partial cross section of the displaydevice 100 according to the first exemplary embodiment, and is a diagramcorresponding to a cross section of the display device 100 taken alongan A-A line in FIG. 1. A partial cross section near an outer edge of thedisplay region A10 is illustrated in FIG. 3.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the element substrate 1 includes a substrate10, a reflection layer 21, an insulating layer 22, an element portion 2,a protective layer 4, a color filter 5, a lens layer 61, and alight-transmitting layer 62. The reflection layer 21 includes aplurality of reflection portions 210. The element portion 2 includes theplurality of pixel electrodes 23, the functional layer 24, and thecommon electrode 25. In other words, the element portion 2 includes theplurality of organic EL elements 20 described above. The color filter 5includes a plurality of colored portions 51. The lens layer 61 includesa plurality of lenses 610. Further, the reflection layer 21, theinsulating layer 22, the element portion 2, the protective layer 4, thecolor filter 5, the lens layer 61, and the light-transmitting layer 62are arranged in this order from the substrate 10 toward the transmissivesubstrate 9.

One sub-pixel P0 is provided with one reflection portion 210, one pixelelectrode 23, one colored portion 51, and one lens 610. Note that, inthe following, the pixel electrode 23 provided in the sub-pixel PB isreferred to as a “pixel electrode 23B”, the pixel electrode 23 providedin the sub-pixel PG is referred to as a “pixel electrode 23G”, and thepixel electrode 23 provided in the sub-pixel PR is referred to as a“pixel electrode 23R”. Note that, when these pixel electrodes 23B, 23G,and 23R are not differentiated, they are expressed as the pixelelectrode 23. Similarly, the colored portion 51 provided in thesub-pixel PB is referred to as a “colored portion 51B”, the coloredportion 51 provided in the sub-pixel PG is referred to as a “coloredportion 51G”, and the colored portion 51 provided in the sub-pixel PR isreferred to as a “colored portion 51R”. Note that, when these coloredportions 51B, 51G, and 51R are not differentiated, they are expressed asthe colored portion 51. Each of the portions of the display device 100will be sequentially described below.

The substrate 10 is a wiring substrate on which the pixel circuit 30described above is formed on a base material formed of, for example, asilicon substrate. Note that the base material may be made of glass,resin, ceramic, or the like. In the present exemplary embodiment, thedisplay device 100 is a top-emission type, and thus the base materialmay or may not have translucency. Further, the switching transistor 31and the driving transistor 32 of the pixel circuit 30 may each be a MOStype transistor including an active layer, and the active layer may beformed of a silicon substrate, for example. The switching transistor 31and the driving transistor 32 of the pixel circuit 30 may be thin filmtransistors or may be field effect transistors. Examples of aconstituent material for each portion constituting the pixel circuit 30and various wires include conductive materials such as polysilicon,metal, metal silicide, and a metallic compound.

The reflection layer 21 having light reflecting properties is providedon the substrate 10. The plurality of reflection portions 210 of thereflection layer 21 are disposed in matrix in plan view, for example.One reflection portion 210 is disposed so as to correspond to one pixelelectrode 23. In other words, the reflection portion 210 and the pixelelectrode 23 are disposed in a one-to-one manner. Further, each of thereflection portions 210 overlaps the pixel electrode 23 in plan view.Each of the reflection portions 210 reflects light generated in alight-emitting layer 240 of the functional layer 24. Therefore, each ofthe reflection portions 210 has light reflecting properties.

Examples of a constituent material for the reflection layer 21 includemetals such as aluminum (Al) and silver (Ag), or alloys of these metals.Note that the reflection layer 21 may function as wiring that iselectrically coupled to the pixel circuit 30.

The insulating layer 22 having insulating properties is disposed on thereflection layer 21. The insulating layer 22 includes a first insulatingfilm 221, a second insulating film 222, a third insulating film 223, anda fourth insulating film 224. The first insulating film 221 is disposedso as to cover the reflection layer 21. The first insulating film 221 isformed in common across the sub-pixels PB, PG, and PR. The firstinsulating film 221 overlaps the pixel electrodes 23B, 23G, and 23R inplan view. The second insulating film 222 is disposed on the firstinsulating film 221. The second insulating film 222 overlaps the pixelelectrode 23R in plan view and does not overlap the pixel electrodes 23Band 23G in plan view. The third insulating film 223 is disposed so as tocover the second insulating film 222. The third insulating film 223overlaps the pixel electrodes 23R and 23G in plan view, and does notoverlap the pixel electrode 23B in plan view. The fourth insulating film224 covers an outer edge of each of the pixel electrodes 23B, 23G, and23R.

The insulating layer 22 adjusts an optical distance L0 being an opticaldistance between the reflection portion 210 and the common electrode 25described later. The optical distance L0 varies for each light emissioncolor. The optical distance L0 in the sub-pixel PB is set so as tocorrespond to the light in the blue wavelength region. The opticaldistance L0 in the sub-pixel PG is set so as to correspond to the lightin the green wavelength region. The optical distance L0 in the sub-pixelPR is set so as to correspond to the light in the red wavelength region.In the present exemplary embodiment, a thickness of the insulating layer22 varies depending on the sub-pixels PB, PG, and PR, and thus theoptical distance L0 varies for each light emission color.

Examples of a constituent material for each of the layers constitutingthe insulating layer 22 include silicon-based inorganic materials suchas silicon oxide and silicon nitride. Note that the configuration of theinsulating layer 22 is not limited to the configuration illustrated inFIG. 3. In FIG. 3, the third insulating film 223 is disposed on thesecond insulating film 222, but the second insulating film 222 may bedisposed on the third insulating film 223, for example.

The plurality of pixel electrodes 23 are disposed on the insulatinglayer 22. The plurality of pixel electrodes 23 are disposed between thesubstrate 10 and the lens layer 61 described later. Further, the pixelelectrode 23 has translucency. Examples of a constituent material forthe pixel electrode 23 include transparent conductive materials such asIndium Tin Oxide (ITO) and Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO). The plurality ofpixel electrodes 23 are electrically insulated from each other by theinsulating layer 22. The pixel electrode 23B is disposed on a surface onthe +z-axis side of the first insulating film 221. The pixel electrode23G is disposed on a surface on the +z-axis side of the secondinsulating film 222. The pixel electrode 23R is disposed on a surface onthe +z-axis side of the third insulating film 223.

FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating the pixel electrodes 23B, 23G, and23R according to the first exemplary embodiment. A shape of the pixelelectrodes 23B, 23G, and 23R in each plan view is not particularlylimited, but the shape is substantially quadrangular in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 4. The fourth insulating film 224 includes anopening 245 overlapping the pixel electrode 23B in plan view, an opening246 overlapping the pixel electrode 23G in plan view, and an opening 247overlapping the pixel electrode 23R in plan view. Each of the openings245, 246, and 247 is a hole formed in the fourth insulating film 224.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, a portion excluding the outer edge of each ofthe pixel electrodes 23B, 23G, and 23R is exposed and is in contact withthe functional layer 24. Thus, a portion overlapping the opening 245 inplan view illustrated in FIG. 4 substantially functions as the pixelelectrode 23B. Similarly, a portion overlapping the opening 246 in planview substantially functions as the pixel electrode 23G. A portionoverlapping the opening 247 in plan view substantially functions as thepixel electrode 23R. The portions overlapping the opening 245, theopening 246, and the opening 247 are light-emitting portions thatcontribute to light emission. A portion of the element portion 2overlapping the light-emitting portion in plan view is a light-emittingregion in which light is emitted.

In the present exemplary embodiment, planar areas of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 23 are equal to each other. They may be different fromeach other. Further, widths W2 of the plurality of pixel electrodes 23are equal to each other, but may be different from each other. Note thatthe width W2 is a length along the +y direction.

The functional layer 24 is disposed in common to the sub-pixels PB, PG,and PR. The functional layer 24 includes the light-emitting layer 240that contains an organic light-emitting material. The organiclight-emitting material is a light-emitting organic compound. Inaddition to the light-emitting layer 240, the functional layer 24includes, for example, a positive hole injecting layer, a positive holetransport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injectinglayer, and the like. The functional layer 24 includes the light-emittinglayer 240 from which the light emission colors of blue, green, and redare acquired, and achieves white light emission. Note that theconfiguration of the functional layer 24 is not particularly limited tothe configuration described above, and a known configuration can beapplied.

The common electrode 25 is disposed on the functional layer 24. In otherwords, the common electrode 25 is disposed between the plurality ofpixel electrodes 23 and the lens layer 61 described later. The commonelectrode 25 is disposed in common to the sub-pixels PB, PG, and PR. Thecommon electrode 25 has light reflecting properties and translucency.Examples of a constituent material for the common electrode 25 includevarious metals such as alloys including Ag such as MgAg.

The common electrode 25 resonates light generated in the light-emittinglayer 240 between the reflection layer 21 and the common electrode 25.Alight resonance structure in which light with a desired resonantwavelength can be extracted for each of the sub-pixels PB, PG, and PR isformed by providing the common electrode 25 and the reflection layer 21.The light resonance structure is formed, and thus light emission atenhanced luminance is acquired at a resonance wavelength correspondingto each light emission color. The resonant wavelength is determined bythe optical distance L0 described above. When a peak wavelength of aspectrum of light in a predetermined wavelength region is represented byμ0, the following relationship [1] holds true. Φ (radian) represents asum of phase shifts that occur during transmission and reflectionbetween the reflection portion 210 and the common electrode 25.{(2×L0)/λ0+Φ}/(2π)=m0(m0 is an integer)  [1]

The optical distance L0 is set such that a peak wavelength of light in awavelength region to be extracted is μ0. The light in the predeterminedwavelength region is enhanced by adjusting the optical distance L0 inaccordance with the light in the wavelength region to be extracted, andthe light can be increased in intensity and a spectrum of the light canbe narrowed.

Note that, in the present exemplary embodiment, as described above, theoptical distance L0 is adjusted by varying the thickness of theinsulating layer 22 for each of the sub-pixels PB, PG, and PR. However,the optical distance L0 may be adjusted by varying the thickness of thepixel electrode 23 for each of the sub-pixels PB, PG, and PR, forexample. Further, the thickness of the insulating layer 22 is set inconsideration of a refractive index of a constituent material for eachof the layers constituting the insulating layer 22.

The protective layer 4 having translucency is formed on the commonelectrode 25. The protective layer 4 protects the organic EL element 20and the like. The protective layer 4 may protect each of the organic ELelements 20 from external moisture, oxygen, or the like. In other words,the protective layer 4 has gas barrier properties. Thus, reliability ofthe display device 100 can be increased as compared to a case in whichthe protective layer 4 is not provided. The protective layer 4 includesa first layer 41, a second layer 42, and a third layer 43. The firstlayer 41, the second layer 42, and the third layer 43 are laminated inthis order in the +z direction from the common electrode 25.

Examples of a constituent material for the first layer 41 and the thirdlayer 43 include silicon-based inorganic materials including nitrogensuch as silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride. When the first layer 41is mainly composed of a silicon-based inorganic material includingnitride, the gas barrier properties of the first layer 41 can beincreased further than those when the first layer 41 is mainly composedof silicon oxide. The same also applies to the third layer 43.

Examples of a constituent material for the second layer 42 include resinmaterials such as epoxy resins. The unevenness of a surface of the firstlayer 41 described above on the +z-axis side is influenced by theunevenness of a surface on the +z-axis side of the common electrode 25.Thus, by providing the second layer 42 formed of a resin material, theunevenness of the surface on the +z-axis side of the first layer 41 canbe suitably relieved. Thus, the surface on the +z-axis side of theprotective layer 4 can be made flat. Further, a constituent material forthe second layer 42 may be an inorganic material such as silicon oxide,such as silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide, for example. Even when adefect such as a pinhole occurs in the first layer 41 duringmanufacturing, the defect can be complemented by providing the secondlayer 42 formed of the inorganic material. Thus, it is possible toparticularly effectively suppress transmission of moisture and the likein the atmosphere to the functional layer 24 with, as a path, a defectsuch as a pinhole that may occur in the first layer 41.

Note that other materials except for the constituent materials describedabove may be included in the first layer 41, the second layer 42, andthe third layer 43 to the extent that the function of each layer is notreduced. The protective layer 4 is not limited to the configurationincluding the first layer 41, the second layer 42, and the third layer43, and may further include a layer other than these layers. Further,any two or more of the first layer 41, the second layer 42, and thethird layer 43 may be omitted.

The color filter 5 is disposed on the protective layer 4. The colorfilter 5 is disposed between the pixel electrode 23 and the lens layer61. The color filter 5 selectively transmits the light in thepredetermined wavelength region. Color purity of light emitted from thedisplay device 100 can be increased by providing the color filter 5 ascompared to a case in which the color filter 5 is not provided. Thecolor filter 5 is formed of a resin material such as an acrylicphotosensitive resin material containing a color material, for example.The predetermined wavelength region that selectively transmits lightincludes the peak wavelength AO determined by the optical distance L0.

The color filter 5 includes the colored portion 51B that transmits thelight in the blue wavelength region, the colored portion 51G thattransmits the light in the green wavelength region, and the coloredportion 51R that transmits the light in the red wavelength region.Further, the colored portion 51B blocks the light in the greenwavelength region and the light in the red wavelength region, thecolored portion 51G blocks the light in the blue wavelength region andthe light in the red wavelength region, and the colored portion 51Rblocks the light in the blue wavelength region and the light in thegreen wavelength region.

FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating a part of the color filter 5according to the first exemplary embodiment. A shape of the coloredportion 51 in plan view is not particularly limited, but the shape isquadrangular in the example illustrated in FIG. 5. In the presentexemplary embodiment, one colored portion 51 is disposed so as tocorrespond to one pixel electrode 23. In other words, the coloredportion 51 and the pixel electrode 23 are disposed in a one-to-onemanner. Further, each of the colored portions 51 is disposed offset withrespect to the corresponding pixel electrode 23 in plan view. Thecolored portion 51 illustrated in FIG. 5 overlaps a part of thecorresponding pixel electrode 23 in plan view. Also, in plan view, thecenter O5 of the colored portion 51 does not overlap the center O2 ofthe pixel electrode 23. As described later in detail, the center O5 islocated closer to the outer edge of the display region A10 than thecenter O2. Further, a planar area of the colored portion 51 is greaterthan a planar area of the pixel electrode 23, but may be equal to orless than the planar area of the pixel electrode 23. The colored portion51 overlaps a part of the light-emitting region of the pixel electrode23 in plan view. In other words, the colored portion 51 overlaps a partof any of the opening 245, the opening 246, and the opening 247 in planview. Further, the planar area of the colored portion 51 is greater thana planar area of the light-emitting portion of the pixel electrode 23. Apart of the colored portion 51 may be disposed between the pixelelectrode 23 and the lens layer 61.

The planar areas of the plurality of colored portions 51 are equal toeach other, but may be different from each other. Further, widths W5 ofthe plurality of colored portions 51 are equal to each other, but may bedifferent from each other. Note that the width W5 is a length along the+y direction.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the lens layer 61 having translucency isdisposed on the color filter 5. The lens layer 61 includes the pluralityof lenses 610. One lens 610 is provided for one sub-pixel P0. The lens610 protrudes from the color filter 5 toward the transmissive substrate9. The lens 610 is a microlens including a lens surface 611. The lenssurface 611 is a convex surface. Note that the lens 610 may be aso-called spherical lens or a so-called aspherical lens.

Heights T6 of the plurality of lenses 610 are equal to each other, butmay be different from each other. Note that the height T6 is a maximumlength along the +z direction.

FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a part of the lens layer 61 accordingto the first exemplary embodiment. A shape of the lens 610 in plan viewis not particularly limited, but the shape is quadrangular with roundedcorners in the example illustrated in FIG. 6. The outer edges of the twoadjacent lenses 610 are coupled to each other in plan view.

One lens 610 is disposed so as to correspond to one pixel electrode 23.In other words, the lens 610 and the pixel electrode 23 are disposed ina one-to-one manner. Further, each of the lenses 610 is disposed offsetwith respect to the corresponding pixel electrode 23 in plan view. Thelens 610 overlaps a part of the corresponding pixel electrode 23 in planview. Also, in plan view, the center O6 of the lens 610 does not overlapthe center O2 of the pixel electrode 23. As described later in detail,the center O6 is located closer to the outer edge of the display regionA10 than the center O2. One lens 610 is disposed so as to correspond toone light-emitting region. The lens 610 overlaps the light-emittingregion in plan view. In other words, the lens 610 overlaps any of theopening 245, the opening 246, and the opening 247 in plan view.

Note that, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the lens 610 may overlap thecorresponding colored portion 51 and the corresponding pixel electrode23 in plan view. Overlapping between the lens 610 and the coloredportion 51 may be partial. Further, overlapping between the lens 610 andthe pixel electrode 23 may be partial. The pixel electrode 23, thecolored portion 51, and the lens 610 provided in the sub-pixel may bedisposed in this order in a row. A part of the pixel electrode 23, apart of the colored portion 51, and a part of the lens 610 provided inthe sub-pixel are located in a straight line.

A planar area of the lens 610 is greater than the planar area of thepixel electrode 23, but may be equal to or less than the planar area ofthe pixel electrode 23. Further, the planar area of the lens 610 isgreater than the planar area of the light-emitting portion of the pixelelectrode 23. Further, the planar areas of the plurality of lenses 610are equal to each other, but may be different from each other. Widths W6of the plurality of lenses 610 may be equal to each another, but may bedifferent from each other. Note that the width W6 is a length along the+y direction.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, one lens 610 is disposed so as to correspondto one colored portion 51. Further, the lens 610 overlaps thecorresponding colored portion 51 in plan view. In the present exemplaryembodiment, the center O6 of the lens 610 overlaps the center O5 of thecolored portion 51 in plan view. Note that, in the present exemplaryembodiment, all of the lenses 610 overlap the colored portion 51, butonly a part of the lens 610 may overlap the colored portion 51. In thepresent exemplary embodiment, the planar area of the lens 610 is equalto the planar area of the colored portion 51, but may be larger orsmaller than the planar area of the colored portion 51.

Examples of a constituent material for the lens 610 include materialshaving translucency and insulating properties. Specific examples of theconstituent material for the lens 610 include silicon-based inorganicmaterials such as silicon oxide, resin materials such as acrylic resin,and the like.

A refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is lowerthan a refractive index of a constituent material for thelight-transmitting layer 62 described later. Specifically, therefractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 is, forexample, equal to or greater than 1.3 and equal to or less than 1.6 withrespect to visible light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the light-transmitting layer 62 havingtranslucency and insulating properties is disposed on the lens layer 61.The light-transmitting layer 62 contacts the plurality of lens surfaces611. Further, a surface of the light-transmitting layer 62 in contactwith the transmissive substrate 9 is flat.

Examples of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62include materials having translucency and insulating properties.Specific examples of the constituent material for the light-transmittinglayer 62 include resin materials such as epoxy resins. Thelight-transmitting layer 62 is formed so as to coat the plurality oflens surfaces 611 by using the resin material, and thus it is easy toflatten the surface on the +z-axis side of the light-transmitting layer62. Further, the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer62 may be aluminum oxide, and a silicon-based inorganic material such assilicon oxynitride.

The refractive index of the constituent material for thelight-transmitting layer 62 is greater than the refractive index of theconstituent material for the lens 610. The refractive index of theconstituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62 is, forexample, equal to or greater than 1.5 and equal to or less than 1.8 withrespect to visible light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

Further, as described above, the lens surface 611 is a convex surface,but the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610 islower than the refractive index of the constituent material for thelight-transmitting layer 62. Thus, the lens 610 functions as a generalconcave lens. In other words, the lens 610 spreads light radiated fromthe corresponding organic EL element 20. The spread of the light will bedescribed later in detail.

The transmissive substrate 9 having translucency is disposed on thelight-transmitting layer 62. When the light-transmitting layer 62described above has adhesive properties, the transmissive substrate 9 isbonded to the element substrate 1 by the light-transmitting layer 62.Note that, when the light-transmitting layer 62 does not have adhesiveproperties, a member having adhesive properties may be disposed betweenthe light-transmitting layer 62 and the transmissive substrate 9.

In the present exemplary embodiment, a refractive index of theconstituent material for the transmissive substrate 9 is lower than therefractive index of the constituent material for the light-transmittinglayer 62. The transmissive substrate 9 is formed of, for example, aglass substrate or a quartz substrate. The refractive index of theconstituent material for the transmissive substrate 9 is notparticularly limited, but is, for example, equal to or greater than 1.4and equal to or less than 1.6 with respect to visible light having awavelength of 550 nm. Note that the refractive index of the constituentmaterial for the transmissive substrate 9 may be equal to or greaterthan the refractive index of the constituent material for thelight-transmitting layer 62.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the pixel electrode23, the lens 610, and the colored portion 51 according to the firstexemplary embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 7, a positionalrelationship between the lens 610 and the colored portion 51, and thepixel electrode 23 in plan view varies depending on a location in thedisplay region A10. Note that, in FIG. 7, the pixel electrode 23, thelens 610, and the colored portion 51 are illustrated in an exaggeratedmanner to facilitate understanding of each of the positionalrelationships.

In FIG. 7, a display center O1 is located at the center of the displayregion A10 in plan view. In FIG. 7, the pixel electrode 23 overlappingthe display center O1 in plan view is referred to as a “reference pixelelectrode 23 z”, and the lens 610 corresponding to the reference pixelelectrode 23 z is referred to as a “reference lens 610 z”. The coloredportion 51 overlapping the reference pixel electrode 23 z in plan viewis referred to as a “reference colored portion 51 z”. Further, the pixelelectrode 23 located closer to the outside than the display center O1 inplan view is referred to as a “first pixel electrode 23 x”, and the lens610 corresponding to the first pixel electrode 23 x is referred to as a“first lens 610 x”. The colored portion 51 overlapping the first pixelelectrode 23 x in plan view is referred to as a “first colored portion51 x”. Further, the pixel electrode 23 located closer to the outsidethan the first pixel electrode 23 x in plan view is referred to as a“second pixel electrode 23 y”, and the lens 610 corresponding to thesecond pixel electrode 23 y is referred to as a “second lens 610 y”. Thecolored portion 51 overlapping the second pixel electrode 23 y in planview is referred to as a “second colored portion 51 y”. Note that, whenthere is no pixel electrode 23 overlapping the display center O1, thepixel electrode 23 closest to the display center O1 is referred to as a“reference pixel electrode 23 z”.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, the lens 610 other than the reference lens 610z is located closer to the outside of the display region A10 in planview than the corresponding pixel electrode 23. Specifically, forexample, the first lens 610 x is located closer to the outside than thefirst pixel electrode 23 x in plan view. Thus, a distance D2 x betweenthe center O2 of the first pixel electrode 23 x and the display centerO1 is shorter than a distance D6 x between the center O6 of the firstlens 610 x and the display center O1 in plan view. Similarly, the secondlens 610 y is located closer to the outside than the second pixelelectrode 23 y in plan view. Thus, a distance D2 y between the center O2of the second pixel electrode 23 y and the display center O1 is shorterthan a distance D6 y between the center O6 of the second lens 610 y andthe display center O1 in plan view.

Further, in plan view, a distance Dx between the center O2 of the firstpixel electrode 23 x and the center O6 of the first lens 610 x isshorter than a distance Dy between the center O2 of the second pixelelectrode 23 y and the center O6 of the second lens 610 y. In thepresent exemplary embodiment, in plan view, the lens 610 is shiftedtoward the outside with respect to the pixel electrode 23 as the lens610 is closer to the outside than the display center O1. Thus, thedistance between the center O2 of the pixel electrode 23 and the centerO6 of the lens 610 in plan view increases from the display center O1toward the outside.

Similarly, in plan view, a distance dx between the center O2 of thefirst pixel electrode 23 x and the center O5 of the first coloredportion 51 x is shorter than a distance dy between the center O2 of thesecond pixel electrode 23 y and the center O6 of the second lens 610 y.In the present exemplary embodiment, in plan view, the colored portion51 is shifted toward the outside with respect to the pixel electrode 23as the colored portion 51 is closer to the outside than the displaycenter O1. Thus, the distance between the center O2 of the pixelelectrode 23 and the center O5 of the colored portion 51 in plan viewincreases from the display center O1 toward the outside.

Next, a light path of light radiated from the organic EL element 20 willbe described. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the light path accordingto the first exemplary embodiment. In FIG. 8, the vicinity of thedisplay center O1 is schematically illustrated. As illustrated in FIG.8, the light radiated from the organic EL element 20 is radiated at aradiation angle θ when the light is emitted from the transmissivesubstrate 9 to the outside. In FIG. 8, a luminous flux LL of the lightradiated from one point of the organic EL element 20 provided in onesub-pixel P0 is illustrated. The radiation angle θ is a solid angle ofthe luminous flux LL, and is an angle at which the light spreads arounda principal ray A1 that is a peak of the intensity of the light.

As described above, the refractive index of the constituent material forthe lens 610 is lower than the refractive index of the constituentmaterial for the light-transmitting layer 62. Thus, a refractive angleat the lens surface 611 is greater than an incident angle. Accordingly,the luminous flux LL is refracted by the lens surface 611 and thusspreads closer to the outside than a luminous flux LL0 indicated by abroken line. The luminous flux LL0 is a luminous flux when the lenssurface 611 is not provided and the lens layer 61 is formed of the samematerial as the light-transmitting layer 62. In this way, by providingthe lens 610, the radiation angle θ in the sub-pixel P0 can be increasedas compared to a case in which the lens 610 is not provided.Furthermore, the refractive index of the air outside is smaller than therefractive index of the constituent material for the transmissivesubstrate 9. Therefore, the luminous flux LL of the light refracted bythe lens surface 611 is refracted by the surface of the transmissivesubstrate 9, and thus further spreads closer to the outside than theluminous flux LL0. Thus, the radiation angle θ can be increased furtherthan that when the transmissive substrate 9 is not provided.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the light path according to the firstexemplary embodiment. In FIG. 9, the vicinity of the outer edge of thedisplay region A10 is schematically illustrated. As described above, inthe vicinity of the outer edge of the display region A10, thecorresponding colored portion 51 is located closer to the outside withrespect to the pixel electrode 23. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 9, theprincipal ray A1 can be inclined with respect to a normal line a1 of thepixel electrode 23. In other words, an inclination angle θa of theprincipal ray A1 increases. The inclination angle θa is an angle formedby the normal line a1 of the pixel electrode 23 and the principal rayA1. Note that the principal ray A1 is inclined to the opposite side fromthe display center O1. Then, the lens 610 can spread the luminous fluxLL closer to the outside than the luminous flux LL0 while the principalray A1 is inclined. Furthermore, the luminous flux LL of the lightrefracted by the lens surface 611 is refracted by the surface of thetransmissive substrate 9, and can thus further spread closer to theoutside than the luminous flux LL0.

As described above, the display device 100 includes the substrate 10,the lens layer 61 including the lens 610, the pixel electrode 23, andthe color filter 5 including the colored portion 51. Then, the coloredportion 51 overlaps a part of the pixel electrode 23 in plan view.Further, as described above, the colored portion 51 is located closer tothe outside with respect to the display center O1 than the pixelelectrode 23 in plan view. Thus, as described above, the principal rayA1 can be inclined outward. Accordingly, a visual field anglecharacteristic can be enhanced.

Furthermore, one pixel electrode 23 and one lens 610 are provided forone sub-pixel P0. Specifically, one lens 610 is disposed so as tocorrespond to one pixel electrode 23, and overlaps a part of thecorresponding pixel electrode 23 in plan view. The radiation angle θ ofthe light emitted from each of the sub-pixels P0 can be increased byproviding the lens 610 for each sub-pixel P0. Then, the lens 610 islocated closer to the outside with respect to the display center O1 inplan view than the corresponding pixel electrode 23. Thus, in aconfiguration in which the principal ray A1 is inclined outward, theradiation angle θ can be increased. Therefore, the visual field anglecharacteristic of the display device 100 can be further enhanced. Inother words, a range of a visual field angle at which viewing is allowedwithout image quality changes such as a color shift can be extended.

Further, the lens 610 is disposed on the +z-axis side with respect tothe color filter 5. Thus, the lens 610 can increase the radiation angleθ of light with high color purity that has the principal ray A1 beinginclined outward and is transmitted through the color filter.Accordingly, the visual field angle characteristic can be enhancedfurther than that when the lens 610 is disposed on the −z-axis side withrespect to the color filter 5.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the lens 610 is provided in all ofthe sub-pixels P0. Thus, the display device 100 particularly has anexcellent visual field angle characteristic. Note that the lens 610 maynot be provided in some of all of the sub-pixels P0.

Further, the colored portion 51 overlaps the lens 610 in plan view. Forthis reason, light transmitted through the color filter 5 can beefficiently incident on the lens 610. Thus, in a configuration in whichthe principal ray A1 is inclined outward, the radiation angle θ can beeffectively increased.

Further, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the distance dx between the center O2of the first pixel electrode 23 x and the center O5 of the first coloredportion 51 x is shorter than the distance dy between the center O2 ofthe second pixel electrode 23 y and the center O6 of the second coloredportion 51 y. Thus, the principal ray A1 of light emitted from theorganic EL element 20 located outside the display region A10 can beinclined outward farther than the principal ray A1 emitted from theorganic EL element 20 located closer to the inside. Furthermore, thedistance Dx between the center O2 of the first pixel electrode 23 x andthe center O6 of the first lens 610 x is shorter than the distance Dybetween the center O2 of the second pixel electrode 23 y and the centerO6 of the second lens 610 y. Thus, the radiation angle θ can beincreased in a configuration in which the principal ray A1 is inclinedoutward farther as the light located closer to the outside. For thisreason, a visual field angle characteristic can be further enhanced.

Furthermore, in the present exemplary embodiment, in plan view, thecolored portion 51 is shifted toward the outside with respect to thepixel electrode 23 as the colored portion 51 is closer to the outsidethan the display center O1. Similarly, in plan view, the lens 610 isshifted toward the outside with respect to the pixel electrode 23 as thelens 610 is closer to the outside than the display center O1. For thisreason, the inclination angle θa of the principal ray A1 can beincreased further in a position closer to the outside than the displaycenter O1 in plan view. Thus, changes in luminance and chromaticitydepending on an angle at which the display device 100 is viewed can bereduced.

Also, as described above, the lens 610 includes the convex lens surface611. Thus, as described above, the luminous flux LL can be spread by thelens surface 611. Further, since a shape of the lens 610 is convex,formation of the lens 610 is easier than that when the shape is concave.Note that the formation method will be described below in detail.

Further, as described above, the lens surface 611 of the lens 610 isconvex, but the refractive index of the constituent material for thelens 610 is lower than the refractive index of the constituent materialfor the light-transmitting layer 62. Thus, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and9, the luminous flux LL can be spread by the lens surface 611.

Further, as described above, the lens layer 61 is disposed between thesubstrate 10 and the light-transmitting layer 62. By disposing them inthis order, when each layer is formed so as to be laminated from thesubstrate 10 side, the convex lens 610 is easily formed on the colorfilter 5.

Furthermore, the lens layer 61 contacts the color filter 5. The lenslayer 61 contacts the color filter 5, and thus light transmitted throughthe color filter 5 can be efficiently incident on the lens 610 ascompared to a case in which other members are disposed between the lenslayer 61 and the color filter 5. Thus, the utilization efficiency of thelight transmitted through the color filter 5 can be increased.

Note that other members may be disposed between each of the color filter5, the lens layer 61, the light-transmitting layer 62, and thetransmissive substrate 9. However, these may be laminated. By laminatingthem, the light transmitted through the color filter 5 can beefficiently incident on the lens 610, and the light transmitted throughthe lens 610 can also be efficiently emitted to the outside.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the planar area of the lens 610 may be greaterthan the planar area of the pixel electrode 23. Such a configurationallows light generated from the organic EL element 20 to be efficientlyincident on the lens 610. Thus, the bright display device 100 having thewide radiation angle θ can be achieved.

Further, the display device 100 according to the present exemplaryembodiment includes the organic EL element 20. In other words, thedisplay device 100 further includes the pixel electrode 23, the commonelectrode 25, and the light-emitting layer 240 disposed between thepixel electrode 23 and the common electrode 25. The display device 100includes the organic EL element 20, and thus an organic EL displaydevice is formed. Thus, the organic EL display device having anexcellent visual field angle characteristic can be achieved by providingthe lens 610 and the light-transmitting layer 62.

Furthermore, the display device 100 has the light resonance structure.With the light resonance structure, light can be increased in intensityand a spectrum of the light can be narrowed. For this reason, thedisplay device 100 having the light resonance structure includes thelens 610, and thus an effect of expanding the radiation angle θ by thelens surface 611 is exhibited particularly suitably, and the visualfield angle characteristic is further enhanced.

Further, when the principal ray A1 is inclined outward with respect tothe normal line a1 as described above, the optical distance L0increases, and a resonant condition shifts to a short wavelength side.Thus, by changing the arrangement of the colored portion 51 and the lens610 to the outside, the principal ray A1 can be set to a condition closeto the resonance condition when the principal ray A1 is parallel to thenormal line a1. Thus, shifting of the resonant condition to the shortwavelength side can be suppressed. As a result, uneven color and thelike can be reduced.

1B. Method for Manufacturing Display Device 100

FIG. 10 is a flow of a method for manufacturing the display device 100according to the first exemplary embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 10,the method for manufacturing the display device 100 includes an elementsubstrate preparation step S11, an insulating layer formation step S12,an element portion formation step S13, a protective layer formation stepS14, a color filter formation step S15, a lens layer formation step S16,and a light-transmitting layer formation step S17. The display device100 is manufactured by performing the steps in this order.

In the element substrate preparation step S11, the substrate 10 and thereflection layer 21 that are described above are formed. In theinsulating layer formation step S12, the insulating layer 22 is formed.In the element portion formation step S13, the element portion 2 isformed on the insulating layer 22. In other words, the plurality oforganic EL elements 20 are formed. In the protective layer formationstep S14, the protective layer 4 is formed. In the color filterformation step S15, the color filter 5 is formed. The element substrate1, the reflection layer 21, the element portion 2, the protective layer4, and the color filter 5 are formed by a known technique.

FIGS. 11, 12, 13, and 14 are each a diagram illustrating the lens layerformation step S16 according to the first exemplary embodiment. First,as illustrated in FIG. 11, a lens material layer 61 a is formed bydepositing a lens forming composition on the color filter 5. The lensforming composition is, for example, a silicon-based inorganic materialsuch as silicon oxide, a resin material such as acrylic resin, and thelike. The formation of the lens material layer 61 a uses, for example, aCVD method. Next, a mask M1 is formed on the lens material layer 61 a.The mask Ml includes a plurality of pattern portions M11. Each of thepattern portions M11 corresponds to a position in which the lens 610 isformed. The mask Ml is formed by using, for example, a positivephotosensitive resist in which an exposed portion is removed bydevelopment. The plurality of pattern portions M11 are formed bypatterning by a photolithography technique.

Next, the mask M1 is melted by performing heat treatment such as reflowtreatment on the mask M1. The mask M1 is melted to be in a fluid state,and a surface is deformed into a curved surface due to the action ofsurface tension. The surface is deformed, and thus a plurality of convexportions M12 are formed on the lens material layer 61 a, as illustratedin FIG. 12. One convex portion M12 is formed from one pattern portionM11. A shape of the convex portion M12 is substantially hemispherical.

Next, anisotropic etching such as dry etching, for example, is performedon the convex portion M12 and the lens material layer 61 a. In this way,the convex portion M12 is removed, and the exposed portion of the lensmaterial layer 61 a is etched due to the removal of the convex portionM12. As a result, the shape of the convex portion M12 is transferred tothe lens material layer 61 a, and a plurality of lens convex portions611 a are formed as illustrated in FIG. 13. Next, the same material asthe lens material layer 61 a, namely, the lens convex portion 611 a, isdeposited on the lens convex portion 611 a by using, for example, theCVD method. As a result, as illustrated in FIG. 14, a lens coat 612 a isformed on the plurality of lens convex portions 611 a. Thus, the lenslayer 61 constituted of the plurality of lens convex portions 611 a andthe lens coat 612 a is formed.

Note that, as a method for processing the mask Ml into a shape of theconvex portion M12, for example, a method of exposure by using a grayscale mask and the like, a method of multistage exposure, or the likemay be used. Note that the mask is used in the description above, butthe lens 610 may be formed directly from a resin material such asacrylic resin by using the photolithography technique.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the light-transmitting layer formationstep S17 according to the first exemplary embodiment. As illustrated inFIG. 15, in the light-transmitting layer formation step S17, thelight-transmitting layer 62 is formed by depositing a light-transmittinglayer forming composition on the lens layer 61. The light-transmittinglayer forming composition has a refractive index greater than arefractive index of the lens forming composition described above.

For example, when the light-transmitting layer forming composition is anadhesive having adhesive properties, the light-transmitting layerforming composition is deposited on the lens layer 61. Subsequently, thetransmissive substrate 9 is pressed onto the depositedlight-transmitting layer forming composition, and the light-transmittinglayer forming composition is cured. According to this method, thelight-transmitting layer 62 is formed, and the transmissive substrate 9is also bonded to the element substrate 1. Note that, when thelight-transmitting layer 62 does not have adhesive properties, anadhesive layer that bonds the light-transmitting layer 62 and thetransmissive substrate 9 together is provided therebetween.

According to the method described above, the display device 100 can beeasily and quickly formed. Further, since the shape of the lens 610 isconvex, it is easy to form the lens 610 by using the photolithographytechnique or the like as described above. For this reason, the lenslayer 61 can be formed easily and with high accuracy as compared to acase in which the shape of the lens 610 is concave. Also, even when aconstituent material for the lens layer 61 is an inorganic material, itis easy to form the convex lens 610 by using the photolithographytechnique or the like. Further, the alignment of the colored portion 51and the lens 610 can be particularly easily performed by forming thelens layer 61 on the color filter 5. Furthermore, the alignment betweenthe pixel electrode 23 and the colored portion 51 can be suitablyperformed by forming the color filter 5 via the protective layer 4having translucency on the pixel electrode 23.

2. Second Exemplary Embodiment

Next, a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will bedescribed. FIGS. 16 and 17 are each a diagram schematically illustratinga display device 100 a according to a second exemplary embodiment. InFIG. 16, the vicinity of the display center O1 is schematicallyillustrated. In FIG. 17, the vicinity of an outer edge of a displayregion A10 is schematically illustrated. In the present exemplaryembodiment, a relationship between a refractive index of a constituentmaterial for a lens 610 and a refractive index of a constituent materialfor a light-transmitting layer 62 is different from that in the firstexemplary embodiment. Note that, in the second exemplary embodiment, asign used in the description of the first exemplary embodiment is usedfor the same matter as that of the first exemplary embodiment, and eachdetailed description thereof will be appropriately omitted.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the refractive index of theconstituent material for the lens 610 illustrated in FIG. 16 is higherthan the refractive index of the constituent material for thelight-transmitting layer 62. Specifically, the refractive index of theconstituent material for the lens 610 is, for example, equal to orgreater than 1.5 and equal to or less than 1.8 with respect to visiblelight having a wavelength of 550 nm. On the other hand, the refractiveindex of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62is, for example, equal to or greater than 1.3 and equal to or less than1.6 with respect to visible light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

Examples of the constituent material for the lens 610 include materialshaving translucency and insulating properties. Specific examples of theconstituent material for the lens 610 include resin materials such asepoxy resins. Further, the constituent material for the lens 610 may bean inorganic material such as aluminum oxide and a silicon-basedinorganic material, such as silicon oxynitride. On the other hand,examples of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62include silicon-based inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, resinmaterials such as acrylic resin, and the like. The light-transmittinglayer 62 is formed so as to coat the plurality of lens surfaces 611 byusing the resin material, and thus it is easy to flatten the surface onthe +z-axis side of the light-transmitting layer 62.

As described above, the refractive index of the constituent material forthe lens 610 is higher than the refractive index of the constituentmaterial for the light-transmitting layer 62. Thus, a refractive angleat the lens surface 611 is smaller than an incident angle. Accordingly,a luminous flux LL is refracted by the lens surface 611 and thusconverges closer to the inside than a luminous flux LL0 indicated by abroken line. Further, in the present exemplary embodiment, a focal pointof the lens 610 on the transmissive substrate 9 side is located insidethe transmissive substrate 9. Thus, a position PL in which the luminousflux LL illustrated in FIG. 16 is transmitted through the lens 610 andconverges is located inside the transmissive substrate 9. In otherwords, the luminous flux LL converges inside the transmissive substrate9. Subsequently, the luminous flux LL spreads again inside thetransmissive substrate 9. Further, the luminous flux LL of lightrefracted by the lens surface 611 is refracted by the surface of thetransmissive substrate 9, and thus further spreads closer to the outsidethan the luminous flux LL0.

Further, as described above, in the vicinity of the outer edge of thedisplay region A10, a corresponding colored portion 51 is located closerto the outside with respect to a pixel electrode 23. Thus, asillustrated in FIG. 17, a principal ray A1 can be inclined with respectto a normal line a1 of the pixel electrode 23. Then, the lens 610 canspread the luminous flux LL closer to the outside than the luminous fluxLL0 in the end while the principal ray A1 is inclined. Thus, in thepresent exemplary embodiment, a visual field angle characteristic of thedisplay device 100 can also be enhanced.

Note that the focal point of the lens 610 on the transmissive substrate9 side may be located outside the display device 100 without beinglocated inside the transmissive substrate 9. In this case, for example,in a virtual image display device 900 described later, an angle of viewθ1 can be widened by disposing an eyepiece 90 in a place where theluminous flux LL converges and then spreads again.

3. Third Exemplary Embodiment

Next, a third exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will bedescribed. FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically illustrating a displaydevice 100 b according to the third exemplary embodiment. FIG. 19 is adiagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the display device 100 baccording to the third exemplary embodiment. The present exemplaryembodiment is different from the first exemplary embodiment in that anarrangement of a lens layer 61 and a light-transmitting layer 62 isdifferent and that a black matrix 80 is provided. Note that, in thethird exemplary embodiment, a sign used in the description of the firstexemplary embodiment is used for the same matter as that of the firstexemplary embodiment, and each detailed description thereof will beappropriately omitted.

In the display device 100 b illustrated in FIG. 18, thelight-transmitting layer 62 and the lens layer 61 are arranged in thisorder from a color filter 5 toward a transmissive substrate 9. In otherwords, the light-transmitting layer 62 is disposed between a substrate10 and the lens layer 61. Further, a lens 610 protrudes from thetransmissive substrate 9 toward the color filter 5. Further, in thepresent exemplary embodiment, similarly to the first exemplaryembodiment, a refractive index of a constituent material for the lens610 is also lower than a refractive index of a constituent material forthe light-transmitting layer 62. The lens surface 611 also spreads aluminous flux LL in the arrangement of the light-transmitting layer 62and the lens layer 61 illustrated in FIG. 18. Thus, in the presentexemplary embodiment, similarly to the first exemplary embodiment, aradiation angle θ can also be increased by providing the lens 610 ascompared to a case in which the lens 610 is not provided. Therefore, avisual field angle characteristic of the display device 100 can beenhanced. Furthermore, the radiation angle θ can be further increased byproviding the transmissive substrate 9.

Further, the so-called black matrix 80 having light shielding propertiesis disposed between the lenses 610. By disposing the black matrix 80,light transmitted through a colored portion 51 provided in a certainsub-pixel P0 can be reduced or prevented from being incident on the lens610 provided in the sub-pixel P0 adjacent to the certain sub-pixel P0.Note that another black matrix different from the black matrix 80 may bedisposed between the colored portions 51 in order to prevent colormixing between the colored portions 51 adjacent to each other.

As illustrated in FIG. 19, in the manufacturing of the display device100 b, the lens layer 61 is formed on the transmissive substrate 9. Notethat the black matrix 80 is formed on a surface of the transmissivesubstrate 9 before the lens layer 61 is formed. Further, a methodsimilar to the method described in the first exemplary embodiment isused as a method for forming the lens layer 61. After the lens layer 61is formed, a deposition layer 62 a formed of a light-transmitting layerforming composition is formed on the lens layer 61. Subsequently, thedeposition layer 62 a is pressed against the color filter 5 by movingthe transmissive substrate 9 in a direction of an arrow A9. Then, in thepressed state, the deposition layer 62 a is cured. Thelight-transmitting layer 62 is bonded to the color filter 5 by curingthe deposition layer 62 a. Note that, when the light-transmitting layer62 does not have adhesive properties, an adhesive layer that bonds thelight-transmitting layer 62 and the color filter 5 is providedtherebetween.

According to this method, by forming the lens layer 61 on the surface ofthe transmissive substrate 9, the plurality of convex lenses 610 can beformed easily and with high accuracy on the transmissive substrate 9 byusing the photolithography technique or the like. Further, since thelens layer 61 is formed on the transmissive substrate 9, an influence ofheat and the like on an organic EL element 20 is reduced even when theorganic EL element 20 has poor heat resistance.

Further, in the present exemplary embodiment, the refractive index ofthe constituent material for the lens 610 is lower than the refractiveindex of the constituent material for the light-transmitting layer 62,but the refractive index of the constituent material for the lens 610may be higher than the refractive index of the constituent material forthe light-transmitting layer 62. Even in this case, similarly to thesecond exemplary embodiment, the radiation angle θ can be increased inthe end, and thus a visual field angle characteristic of the displaydevice 100 can be enhanced.

4. Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

Next, a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will bedescribed. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a display device 100 caccording to the fourth exemplary embodiment.

The present exemplary embodiment is different from the first exemplaryembodiment in that colored portions 51B, 51G, and 51R have differentthicknesses and that a flattening layer 7 is provided. Note that, in thesecond exemplary embodiment, a sign used in the description of the firstexemplary embodiment is used for the same matter as that of the firstexemplary embodiment, and each detailed description thereof will beappropriately omitted.

In the display device 100 c illustrated in FIG. 20, the colored portions51B, 51G, and 51R have thicknesses different from one another. Forexample, each thickness is adjusted such that appropriate chromaticityand the like are acquired. Herein, the colored portions 51B, 51G, and51R having the thicknesses different from one another are formed on aprotective layer 4 including a flat surface, and thus a surface on the+z-axis side of a color filter 5 has irregularities. Thus, it becomesdifficult to forma lens layer 61 on the surface on the +z-axis side ofthe color filter 5. Thus, in the display device 100 c according to thepresent exemplary embodiment, the flattening layer 7 having translucencyis disposed on the color filter 5. In other words, the flattening layer7 is disposed between the color filter 5 and the lens layer 61.

A surface on the +z-axis side of the flattening layer 7 is a flatsurface 71. The flat surface 71 contacts the lens layer 61. Theflattening layer 7 relieves the irregularities of the color filter 5.Thus, by providing the flattening layer 7, the lens layer 61 can beformed without being influenced by the irregularities on the surface onthe +z-axis side of the color filter 5.

The flattening layer 7 is constituted of, for example, an inorganiclayer formed of an inorganic material, an organic layer formed of anorganic layer, or a laminated layer of an inorganic layer and an organiclayer.

5. Modified Example

Each of the exemplary embodiments exemplified in the above can bevariously modified. Specific modification aspects applied to each of theembodiments described above are exemplified below. Two or more modesfreely selected from exemplifications below can be appropriately used incombination as long as mutual contradiction does not arise.

5-1. First Modified Example

In each of the exemplary embodiments described above, the organic ELelement 20 has the light resonance structure having a resonance lengthvarying for color, but may not have the light resonance structure. Theelement portion 2 may include, for example, a partition wall thatpartitions the functional layer 24 for each of the organic EL elements20. Further, the pixel electrode 23 may also have light reflectingproperties. In this case, the reflection layer 21 may be omitted.Further, although the common electrode 25 is common in the plurality oforganic EL elements 20, an individual cathode may be provided for eachof the organic EL elements 20.

5-2. Second Modified Example

A shape of the pixel electrode 23, the lens 610, and the color filter 5in each plan view is not limited to the shape in each of the exemplaryembodiments described above. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating amodified example of the pixel electrode 23 and the lens 610. The shapeof the pixel electrodes 23 and the lens 610 illustrated in FIG. 21 ineach plan view may be rectangular. A length along the +x direction and alength along the +y direction may be different from each other. FIG. 22is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the colored portion 51and the lens 610, and corresponds to a cross section taken along a B-Bline illustrated in FIG. 21. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating amodified example of the colored portion 51 and the lens 610, andcorresponds to a cross section taken along a C-C line illustrated inFIG. 21. As illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23, a shape of the lens 610 inplan view is appropriately set according to a shape of thelight-emitting portion in plan view. Thus, the shape of the lens 610 maycorrespond to the shape of the pixel electrode 23 illustrated in FIG. 21in plan view. Note that the same also applies to the shape of thecolored portion 51. Further, as illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23, thelenses 610 adjacent to each other may be separated.

FIG. 24 is a plan view illustrating a modified example of the colorfilter 5. As illustrated in FIG. 24, the colored portion 51 may bedisposed so as to correspond to the plurality of pixel electrodes 23.Specifically, the colored portion 51B overlaps the plurality of pixelelectrodes 23B corresponding to blue. The colored portion 51G overlapsthe plurality of pixel electrodes 23G corresponding to green. Thecolored portion 51R overlaps the plurality of pixel electrodes 23Rcorresponding to red. In the example illustrated in FIG. 24, the coloredportions 51B, 51G, and 51R are arranged in a stripe shape. Further, thecolored portions 51B, 51G, and 51R may overlap each other in plan view.In FIG. 24, the colored portion 51B includes an overlapping portion 519Bthat overlaps the colored portion 51G in plan view. The colored portion51G includes an overlapping portion 519G that overlaps the coloredportion 51R in plan view.

FIGS. 25, 26, 27, and 28 are each a plan view illustrating a modifiedexample of the pixel electrode 23, the lens 610, and the colored portion51. In FIGS. 25, 26, and 27, the pixel electrode 23, the lens 610, andthe colored portion 51 in one pixel Pare illustrated. In FIG. 28, aportion surrounded by a thick line corresponds to one pixel P.

As illustrated in FIG. 25, shapes of the plurality of pixel electrodes23 in plan view may be different from each other. The shape of the lens610 and the colored portion 51 in each plan view may correspond to theshape of the light-emitting portion. Thus, the shape of the lens 610 andthe colored portion 51 in each plan view may correspond to the shape ofthe pixel electrode 23 in plan view. For this reason, as illustrated inFIG. 25, the shapes of the plurality of lenses 610 in plan view may bedifferent from each other. The shapes of the plurality of coloredportions 51 in plan view may be different from each other.

As illustrated in FIG. 26, the arrangement of the colored portions 51B,51G, and 51R may be a so-called rectangle arrangement. The coloredportions 51B, 51G, and 51R may not be aligned in the +y direction. Asillustrated in FIG. 26, each arrangement of the pixel electrode 23 andthe lens 610 is disposed so as to correspond to the arrangement of thecolored portion 51.

As illustrated in FIG. 27, the arrangement of the colored portions 51B,51G, and 51R may be a so-called Bayer arrangement. One pixel P mayinclude the plurality of colored portions 51 of the same color. In FIG.27, one pixel P includes two colored portions 51B.

As illustrated in FIG. 28, the arrangement of the colored portions 51B,51G, and 51R may be a so-called delta arrangement. The shape of onepixel P in plan view may not be quadrangular. Note that the shape of thepixel electrode 23, the lens 610, and the colored portion 51 in eachplan view may be a polygon other than a square, such as a hexagon, ormay be circular, for example, which is not limited to a quadrangular.

5-3. Third Modified Example

The reference colored portion 51 z and the first pixel electrode 23 xmay be disposed offset in plan view with respect to the reference pixelelectrode 23 z.

6. Electronic Apparatus

The display device 100 in the exemplary embodiments described above isapplicable to various electronic apparatuses.

6A. Virtual Image Display Device 900

FIG. 29 is a diagram schematically illustrating a part of an internalstructure of the virtual image display device 900 as an example of anelectronic apparatus in the present disclosure. The virtual imagedisplay device 900 illustrated in FIG. 29 is a head-mounted display(HMD) mounted on a head of a human and configured to display an image.The virtual image display device 900 includes the above-describeddisplay device 100 and the eyepiece 90. An image displayed on thedisplay device 100 is emitted as image light L. In FIG. 29, lightentering an eye EY is illustrated as the image light L.

The image light L emitted from the display device 100 is magnified bythe eyepiece 90 being a condensing lens. Then, the image light Lmagnified by the eyepiece 90 is guided to the eye EY of a human, andthus the human can see a virtual image formed by the image light L. Notethat other various lenses, a light guide plate, and the like may beprovided between the eyepiece 90 and the eye EY.

In the virtual image display device 900, the angle of view θ needs to beincreased in order to acquire a large virtual image. The eyepiece 90needs to be increased in size in order to increase the angle of view θ1.An angle a expanding outward with respect to a normal line a1 of asurface of the pixel electrode 23 needs to be increased in order toincrease the angle of view θ1 by using the display device 100 having aplanar area smaller than a planar area of the eyepiece 90.

The virtual image display device 900 includes the above-describeddisplay device 100. The display device 100 can increase the radiationangle θ for each sub-pixel P0. Thus, the angle a can be increasedfurther than that in a known device. Accordingly, even when the displaydevice 100 having a planar area smaller than a planar area of theeyepiece 90 is used, the angle of view θ1 can be increased. Thus, evenwhen the display device 100 smaller than the known device is used, ahuman can observe a virtual image of the same size as that when theknown device is used. In other words, a larger virtual image can beformed by using the display device 100 smaller than the known device.The size of the virtual image display device 900 can be reduced by usingsuch a display device 100.

Further, the radiation angle θ in each of the sub-pixels P0 isincreased, and thus a range of light that is emitted from each of thesub-pixels P0 and reaches the eye EY is widened. For this reason, arange on which the luminous flux LL emitted from each of the sub-pixelsP0 described above is superimposed is widened. Thus, an allowable rangeof a position of the eye EY in which a virtual image can be seen iswidened. Accordingly, individual differences such as a person with anarrow spacing between both eyes, a person with a wide spacing, a personwith a large eye EY, and a person with a small eye EY, for example, aresuitably compatible.

Note that examples of the “electronic apparatus” including the displaydevice 100 include an apparatus including an eyepiece, such as anelectronic viewfinder and electronic binoculars, in addition to thevirtual image display device 900 illustrated in FIG. 29. Further,examples of the “electronic apparatus” include an apparatus includingthe display device 100 as a display unit, such as a personal computer, asmartphone, and a digital camera.

The present disclosure was described above based on the illustratedexemplary embodiments. However, the present disclosure is not limitedthereto. In addition, the configuration of each component of the presentdisclosure may be replaced with any configuration that exerts theequivalent functions of the above-described exemplary embodiments, andto which any configuration may be added. Further, any configuration maybe combined with each other in the above-described exemplary embodimentsof the present disclosure.

The “display device” is not limited to an organic EL display device, andmay be an EL display device using an inorganic material, a liquidcrystal display device including a liquid crystal, and a deviceincluding an LED array.

The “display device” is not limited to a device that displays a fullcolor image, but may be a device that displays an image only in a singlecolor. For example, the “display device” may be a device that displaysan image expressed in green or a device that displays an image expressedin orange.

A portion of the pixel electrode 23 that is in contact with thefunctional layer 24 may be regarded as a “pixel electrode”.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display device, comprising: a substrate; a lenslayer including a lens that has a lens surface; a pixel electrodedisposed between the substrate and the lens layer; a color filterdisposed between the pixel electrode and the lens layer; and alight-transmitting layer that contacts the lens surface and hastranslucency, wherein the color filter is disposed between the substrateand the lens layer and includes a colored portion that overlaps a partof the pixel electrode in plan view, the pixel electrode is provided ina display region in which an image is displayed, the lens overlaps apart of the pixel electrode in the plan view, a distance between acenter of the pixel electrode and a display center of the display regionis shorter than a distance between a center of the lens and the displaycenter in the plan view, the lens surface is a convex surface, andrefractive index of a constituent material for the lens is lower than arefractive index of a constituent material for the light-transmittinglayer.
 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the lensoverlaps the colored portion in plan view.
 3. The display deviceaccording to claim 1, comprising a light-transmitting layer thatcontacts the lens surface and has translucency, wherein a refractiveindex of a constituent material for the lens is higher than a refractiveindex of a constituent material for the light-transmitting layer.
 4. Thedisplay device according to claim 1, further comprising: a commonelectrode disposed between the pixel electrode and the lens layer; and alight-emitting layer that is disposed between the pixel electrode andthe common electrode, and contains an organic light-emitting material.5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the distance betweenthe center of the pixel electrode and the display center is shorter thana distance between a center of the colored portion and the displaycenter in the plan view.
 6. The display device according to claim 1,wherein the pixel electrode is a first pixel electrode, the lens is afirst lens, the colored portion is a first colored portion, the displaydevice further comprises a second pixel electrode disposed between thesubstrate and the lens layer, the color filter is disposed between thesubstrate and the lens layer and includes a second colored portion thatoverlaps a part of the second pixel electrode in the plan view, adistance between a center of the second pixel electrode and the displaycenter is shorter than a distance between a center of the second coloredportion and the display center in the plan view, the lens layer includesa second lens that overlaps a part of the second pixel electrode in theplan view, a distance between a center of the second pixel electrode andthe center of the display region is shorter than a distance between acenter of the second lens and the display center in the plan view, adistance between the first pixel electrode and the first colored portionis shorter than a distance between the second pixel electrode and thesecond colored portion in the plan view, and a distance between thefirst pixel electrode and the first lens is shorter than a distancebetween the second pixel electrode and the second lens in the plan view.7. An electronic apparatus, comprising the display device according toclaim
 1. 8. A display device, comprising: a substrate; a lens layerincluding a first lens and a second lens; a first pixel electrode and asecond pixel electrode that are disposed between the substrate and thelens layer, and are provided in a display region in which an image isdisplayed; and a color filter that includes a first colored portiondisposed between the first pixel electrode and the lens layer, and asecond colored portion disposed between the second pixel electrode andthe lens layer, wherein the first colored portion overlaps, between thesubstrate and the lens layer, a part of the first pixel electrode inplan view, the second colored portion overlaps, between the substrateand the lens layer, a part of the second pixel electrode in the planview, the first lens overlaps a part of the first pixel electrode in theplan view, the second lens overlaps a part of the second pixel electrodein the plan view, a distance between a center of the second pixelelectrode and a display center of the display region is shorter than adistance between a center of the second lens and the display center inthe plan view, and a distance between the first pixel electrode and thefirst lens is shorter than a distance between the second pixel electrodeand the second lens in the plan view.
 9. The display device according toclaim 8, wherein the distance between the center of the second pixelelectrode and the display center is shorter than a distance between acenter of the second colored portion and the display center in the planview.
 10. The display device according to claim 8, wherein a distancebetween the first pixel electrode and the first colored portion isshorter than a distance between the second pixel electrode and thesecond colored portion in the plan view.
 11. An electronic apparatus,comprising the display device according to claim
 8. 12. A displaydevice, comprising: a first pixel; a second pixel; a first lens providedcorresponding to the first pixel; a second lens provided correspondingto the second pixel; and an insulating film, wherein the first pixel andthe second pixel each has: a pixel electrode provided on a substrate; alight-emitting layer provided on the pixel electrode; and a commonelectrode provided on the light-emitting layer, the insulating film isdisposed between the pixel electrode and the light-emitting layer, andhas a first opening that overlaps the pixel electrode of the first pixeland a second opening that overlaps the pixel electrode of the secondpixel, and in plan view, a distance between a center of the first lensand a center of the first opening is different from a distance between acenter of the second lens and a center of the second opening.
 13. Thedisplay device according to claim 12, wherein the first pixel isarranged closer to a center of a display area than the second pixel, andthe distance between the center of the first lens and the center of thefirst opening is shorter than the distance between the center of thesecond lens and the center of the second opening.
 14. The display deviceaccording to claim 13, wherein in plan view, the distance between thecenter of the second opening and the center of the display area isshorter than a distance between the center of the second lens and thecenter of the display area.
 15. The display device according to claim12, further comprising: a light-transmitting layer provided so as to bein contact with a lens surface of the first lens and a lens surface ofthe second lens, wherein the lens surface of the first lens and the lenssurface of the second lens have a convex surface that protrudes towardthe light-emitting layer.
 16. An electronic apparatus, comprising thedisplay device according to claim 12.